Dynamic calibration and occlusion handling algorithms for lane tracking

[[abstract]]Some of the well-known fuzzy clustering algorithms are based on Euclidean distance function, which can only be used to detect spherical structural clusters. Gustafson-Kessel (GK) clustering algorithm and Gath- Geva (GG) clustering algorithm were developed to detect non-spherical structural clusters. However, GK algorithm needs added constraint of fuzzy covariance matrix, GK algorithm can only be used for the data with multivariate Gaussian distribution. A Fuzzy C-Means algorithm based on Mahalanobis distance (FCM-M) was proposed by our previous work to improve those limitations of GG and GK algorithms, but it is not stable enough when some of its covariance matrices are not equal. In this paper, A improved Fuzzy C-Means algorithm based on a Common Mahalanobis distance (FCM-CM) is proposed The experimental results of three real data sets show that the performance of our proposed FCM-CM algorithm is better than those of the FCM, GG, GK and FCM-M algorithms. © 2009 Old City Publishing, Inc

Strange molecular partners of PcP_c states in γp→ϕp\gamma p\to\phi p reaction

Based on the high statistical data of the CLAS Collaboration on $\gamma p \to \phi p$ reaction in the center-of-mass energy range of 2.2 GeV to 2.8 GeV, we investigate the possible existence of strange molecular partners of $P_c$ states, i.e., $N^*(2080)$ and $N^*(2270)$ as $K^*\Sigma$ and $K^*\Sigma^*$ molecular states. In addition to the t-channel Pomeron exchange, t-channel meson exchange including pseudo-scalar meson $(\pi,\eta)$, scalar meson $(\sigma, a_0(980), f_0(980))$, axial-vector meson $f_1(1285)$, tensor meson $f_2(1270)$, as well as s- and u-channel proton exchange, including s-channel $N^*(2080)$ and $N^*(2270)$ states can fit the data very well. The fitted coupling constants of these $N^*$ molecular states to $p\phi$ and $\gamma p$ are consistent with the results directly calculated from the relevant hadronic triangle diagrams of the molecular picture.Comment: 17 pages, 9 figures, 4 table

Design of a multi-layer interior ferrite permanent magnet synchronous machine for traction applications

A novel design of interior ferrite permanent magnet synchronous machine with multi-layer configuration is proposed for traction applications. Although the ferrite magnet can be disadvantaged by its low residual flux density and energy product, it is proposed that flux-focusing and multi-layer configurations can be utilized to harness both permanent magnet (PM) torque and reluctance torque to recoup the loss of the PM torque due to its intrinsic property. The machines with up to three-layer magnets are presented and evaluated comprehensively. The results suggest that the two-layer machine provides the best performance among the three configurations. Furthermore, compared against a commercial rare-earth equivalent, the proposed ferrite machine is shown to have nearly the same torque with 32% less electromagnetic losses. The findings underpin interior ferrite permanent magnet synchronous machine as an attractive alternative for traction application

Structural, Surface Morphology and Optical Properties of ZnS Films by Chemical Bath Deposition at Various Zn/S Molar Ratios

In this study, ZnS thin films were prepared on glass substrates by chemical bath deposition at various Zn/S molar ratios from 1/50 to 1/150. The effects of Zn/S molar ratio in precursor on the characteristics of ZnS films were demonstrated by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, optical transmittance, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and Fourier transform infrared spectrometry. It was found that more voids were formed in the ZnS film prepared using the precursor with Zn/S molar ratio of 1/50, and the other ZnS films showed the denser structure as the molar ratio was decreased from 1/75 to 1/150. From the analyses of chemical bonding states, the ZnS phase was indeed formed in these films. Moreover, the ZnO and Zn(OH)2 also appeared due to the water absorption on film surface during deposition. This would be helpful to the junction in cell device. With changing the Zn/S molar ratio from 1/75 to 1/150, the ZnS films demonstrate high transmittance of 75–88% in the visible region, indicating the films are potentially useful in photovoltaic applications